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tyoussef

2022-6-14 published at Product Training/ Manuals category

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1.Countering violent extremism in prisons VIRTUAL SHORT-COURSE
2.
3. THE TEAM
4. SESSION 1 TERMINOLOGY CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES SESSION 2 THE PROCESS OF SUPPORTING AND COMMITTING ACTS OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM SESSION 3 INFORMATION GATHERING, SHARING, AND REPORTING OVERVIEW OF VIRTUAL SHORT-COURSE
5.5 TRAINING PHILOSOPHY Semi-structured, flexible, and interactive curriculum Trainer presentations, questions, scenario exercises, case study exercises, and observations facilitate learning Innovative tools and aids facilitate learning and inform onward practice Individual, small group, and large group exercises and discussions Participants play a key role in sharing knowledge, experiences, issues, and ideas
6.6 Zoom Ground rules Please stay muted unless you are speaking (both trainers and trainees) If you would like to ask a question or make a contribution, please use the raise hand function You can also post a question in the chat Please keep your camera on at all times (except during breaks) Interpretation is available throughout – please ask in the chat if you need help using this
7.7 ANY QUESTIONS?
8.KEY TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS SESSION 1
9.SESSION I Learning objectives BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU WILL: Understand what is meant by violent extremism. Understand why violent extremism is different to other forms of criminality.
10.10
11.11 Article 1 (Definition of terrorism) In this law, what is meant by: (2.) Terrorism is an act that uses violence or threats of violence that creates a widespread atmosphere of terror or fear, creates mass victims, and / or causes damage or destruction to strategic vital objects, environment, public facilities or international facilities with ideological, political or security disturbances. COUNTER-TERRORISMLAWS IN INDONESIA
12.Terrorist attacks Motivations and environments Affiliation to violent extremist groups The impact of ideology Support for violent extremist movements Recruitment of others Radicalization to violent extremism
13.13 HOW IS VIOLENT EXTREMISM DIFFERENT FROM OTHER FORMS OF CRIMINALITY?
14.14 Violent extremism “Acts of violence committed on behalf of a group, cause or ideology to bring about political or social change." Intends to bring about changes in how societies or parts of society function Provokes fear and terror in order to force such changes to occur Influences and affects those who are not the immediate victims of harm, such as the wider public and ruling authorities Affects a particular group of people (a defined out-group) Serves the specific goals and objectives of a particular group, cause or ideology
15.
16.16 WHY DO PEOPLE SUPPORT OR COMMIT ACTS OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM?
17.Key learnings OF Session 1 The term “violent extremism” is a broader term than terrorism, which helps us to better understand not only what happens (e.g., attacks), but how or why Offenses related to violent extremism typically have certain characteristics, such as provoking fear, or the intention to bring about societal change. Individuals associated with violent extremism may come from a wide variety of backgrounds with different characteristics and circumstances. However, we are gradually learning more about certain factors and circumstances which may be common among diverse individuals and organizations. 17
18.THE PROCESS OF RADICALIZATION TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM SESSION 2
19.SESSION 2 Learning objectives BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU WILL: Understand the factors and circumstances that may contribute to the process of radicalization to violent extremism. Understand how factors and circumstances may contribute to an individual supporting or committing acts of violent extremism Be able to identify how these factors relate to the engagement, intent, or capability of prisoners associated with violent extremism.
20.20 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND WHY PEOPLE COMMIT ACTS OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM?
21.engagement The factors that lead individuals to become interested in and involved with violent extremist groups, causes, and ideologies, which can also motivate violent extremist offending. 21 capability The factors that can be employed to successfully commit a violent action on behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology. INTENT The factors that can make individuals prepared or willing to support or cause harm against others on behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology.
22.22 WHY WE USE THIS MODEL
23.23 Z !
24.ENGAGEMENT
25.25 The factors that lead individuals to become interested in and involved with violent extremist groups, causes, and ideologies, which can also motivate violent extremist offending.
26.26 Some of the key factors that lead individuals to become interested in and involved with violent extremist groups, causes, and ideologies, which can also motivate violent extremist offending. Redemption Criminal opportunism Indoctrination Significance & status Political and moral imperative Desire to address injustice Group influence & coercion Need to defend against threats Political & Social context Identity, meaning, & belonging Family & friends Money & resources Excitement, adventure, & glamour Mental health Idiosyncratic Reasons
27.27 Some of the key factors that lead individuals to become interested in and involved with violent extremist groups, causes, and ideologies, which can also motivate violent extremist offending. Redemption Criminal opportunism Significance & status Political and moral imperative Desire to address injustice Group influence & coercion Need to defend against threats Political & Social context Identity, meaning, & belonging Family & friends Money & resources Excitement, adventure, & glamour Mental health Indoctrination Idiosyncratic Reasons
28.INTENT
29.29 The factors that can make individuals prepared or willing to support or cause harm against others on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology.
30.30 Some of the key factors that can make individuals prepared or willing to support or cause harm against others on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology. Over- identification De- humanizing others Lack of empathy Significant texts or individuals legitimize offending Us and them thinking Black and white thinking Demonizing others Ends justifies the means Violent group norms Negative attitudes to out-group Glorying violence Mental health Political & social context Group support
31.31 De- humanizing others Lack of empathy Significant texts or individuals legitimize offending Us and them Thinking Black and white thinking Demonizing others Ends justifies the means Violent Group norms Negative attitudes to out-group Glorying violence Mental health Political & social context Group support Over- identification Some of the key factors that can make individuals prepared or willing to support or cause harm against others on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology.
32.CAPABILITY
33.33 The factors that can be employed to successfully commit a violent action on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology.
34.34 Some of the key factors that can be employed to successfully commit a violent action on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology. Previous military experience Access to networks & recruits Community support for violent offenses Prior criminality Prior violent history Access to equipment & weapons Personal skills (e.g., bomb making) Access to funding
35.35 Some of the key factors that can be employed to successfully commit a violent action on-behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology. Previous military experience Access to networks & recruits Community support for violent offenses Prior criminality Prior violent history Access to equipment & weapons Personal skills (e.g., bomb making) Access to funding
36.engagement The factors that lead individuals to become interested in and involved with violent extremist groups, causes, and ideologies, which can also motivate violent extremist offending. 36 capability The factors that can be employed to successfully commit a violent action on behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology. INTENT The factors that can make individuals prepared or willing to support or cause harm against others on behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology.
37.37 PROFILES OF PRISONERS ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT EXTREMISM
38.38 He grew up in a difficult neighbourhood, sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in Cipinang prison on drugs charges. Frequently bullied by the gangs in Cipinang prison, particularly Gang Arek who would extort him on numerous occasions. Due to constantly being under threat, Ali developed a mental health condition and anxiety disorder. A violent extremism group in prison provided him with protection in return for his obedience Ali expressed a desire to support fellow Muslims being threatened or persecuted by other groups He received money and better quality food via donations from outside associates of terrorist prisoners. He was involved in many assaults on other gang members he accepted such violence was ordered as a duty for members of the Jemaah Islamiyah group. He was encouraged and ordered by other group members to engage in such violence and was moved to Tangerang prison following one particular incident where he stabbed another inmate with a tool he prepared. Soon after release he was arrested whilst transporting weapons to known members of Jemaah Islamiyah. He was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih. Adapted from IPAC, 2016 CASE STUDY: ALI
39.39 CASE STUDY: ALI He grew up in a difficult neighbourhood, sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in Cipinang prison on drugs charges. Frequently bullied by the gangs in Cipinang prison, particularly Gang Arek who would extort him on numerous occasions Due to constantly being under threat, Ali developed a mental health condition and anxiety disorder A violent extremism group in prison provided him with protection in return for his obedience Ali expressed a desire to support fellow Muslims being threatened or persecuted by other groups He received money and better quality food via donations from outside associates of terrorist prisoners He was involved in many assaults on other gang members he accepted such violence was ordered as a duty for members of the Jemaah Islamiyah group He was encouraged and ordered by other group members to engage in such violence and was moved to Tangerang prison following one particular incident where he stabbed another inmate with a tool he prepared. Soon after release he was arrested whilst transporting weapons to known members of Jemaah Islamiyah He was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from IPAC, 2016 engagement
40.40 CASE STUDY: ALI He grew up in a difficult neighbourhood, sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in Cipinang prison on drugs charges. Frequently bullied by the gangs in Cipinang prison, particularly Gang Arek who would extort him on numerous occasions Due to constantly being under threat, Ali developed a mental health condition and anxiety disorder A violent extremism group in prison provided him with protection in return for his obedience Ali expressed a desire to support fellow Muslims being threatened or persecuted by other groups He received money and better quality food via donations from outside associates of terrorist prisoners He was involved in many assaults on other gang members he accepted such violence was ordered as a duty for members of the Jemaah Islamiyah group He was encouraged and ordered by other group members to engage in such violence and was moved to Tangerang prison following one particular incident where he stabbed another inmate with a tool he prepared. Soon after release he was arrested whilst transporting weapons to known members of Jemaah Islamiyah He was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from IPAC, 2016 intent
41.41 CASE STUDY: ALI He grew up in a difficult neighbourhood, sentenced to 5 years and 6 months in Cipinang prison on drugs charges. Frequently bullied by the gangs in Cipinang prison, particularly Gang Arek who would extort him on numerous occasions Due to constantly being under threat, Ali developed a mental health condition and anxiety disorder A violent extremism group in prison provided him with protection in return for his obedience Ali expressed a desire to support fellow Muslims being threatened or persecuted by other groups He received money and better quality food via donations from outside associates of terrorist prisoners He was involved in many assaults on other gang members he accepted such violence was ordered as a duty for members of the Jemaah Islamiyah group He was encouraged and ordered by other group members to engage in such violence and was moved to Tangerang prison following one particular incident where he stabbed another inmate with a tool he prepared. Soon after release he was arrested whilst transporting weapons to known members of Jemaah Islamiyah He was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from IPAC, 2016 capability
42.42 CASE STUDY: ALI Group influence & coercion Need to defend against threats Money & resources Mental health Violent Group Norms Group Support Access to networks & recruits Prior Criminality Access to equipment / weapons
43.43 Case Study: BENNY Born in Java, for most of his teenage years Benny was disinterested in Islam (being more interested in motorbikes and girls), unlike other family members who were very devout He dropped out of high school and moved to Malaysia to search for work, getting a job in construction using explosives. He enjoyed his work on the construction site for many years Following an acrimonious divorce from his wife, he returned to Java to ‘repent’ and seek guidance from his brother, who had fought in the Afghanistan-Soviet war Initially turned away by his brother, Benny committed to learning more about Islam and Mujahideen groups that his brother had been associated with; he accepted everything he read without question He developed views that most Muslims (and non-Muslims) were responsible for all the wrongs in the world and were nothing more than animals who deserved to be slaughtered for the errors of their ways Over time, his brother forgave him for his previous actions and shared his experience & knowledge of fighting in Afghanistan. He was pleased to finally receive validation from his brother He was arrested alongside his brother training other individuals on how to conduct armed attacks in Jakarta on-behalf of a number of Jihadi groups He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from Hwang, 2018.
44.44 Born in Java, for most of his teenage years Benny was disinterested in Islam (being more interested in motorbikes and girls), unlike other family members who were very devout He dropped out of high school and moved to Malaysia to search for work, getting a job in construction using explosives. He enjoyed his work on the construction site for many years Following an acrimonious divorce from his wife, he returned to Java to ‘repent’ and seek guidance from his brother, who had fought in the Afghanistan-Soviet war Initially turned away by his brother, Benny committed to learning more about Islam and Mujahideen groups that his brother had been associated with; he accepted everything he read without question He developed views that most Muslims (and non-Muslims) were responsible for all the wrongs in the world and were nothing more than animals who deserved to be slaughtered for the errors of their ways Over time, his brother forgave him for his previous actions and shared his experience & knowledge of fighting in Afghanistan. He was pleased to finally receive validation from his brother He was arrested alongside his brother training other individuals on how to conduct armed attacks in Jakarta on-behalf of a number of Jihadi groups He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from Hwang, 2018. Case Study: BENNY engagement
45.45 Case Study: BENNY Born in Java, for most of his teenage years Benny was disinterested in Islam (being more interested in motorbikes and girls), unlike other family members who were very devout He dropped out of high school and moved to Malaysia to search for work, getting a job in construction using explosives. He enjoyed his work on the construction site for many years Following an acrimonious divorce from his wife, he returned to Java to ‘repent’ and seek guidance from his brother, who had fought in the Afghanistan-Soviet war Initially turned away by his brother, Benny committed to learning more about Islam and Mujahideen groups that his brother had been associated with; he accepted everything he read without question He developed views that most Muslims (and non-Muslims) were responsible for all the wrongs in the world and were nothing more than animals who deserved to be slaughtered for the errors of their ways Over time, his brother forgave him for his previous actions and shared his experience & knowledge of fighting in Afghanistan. He was pleased to finally receive validation from his brother He was arrested alongside his brother training other individuals on how to conduct armed attacks in Jakarta on-behalf of a number of Jihadi groups He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from Hwang, 2018. intent
46.46 Case Study: BENNY Born in Java, for most of his teenage years Benny was disinterested in Islam (being more interested in motorbikes and girls), unlike other family members who were very devout He dropped out of high school and moved to Malaysia to search for work, getting a job in construction using explosives. He enjoyed his work on the construction site for many years Following an acrimonious divorce from his wife, he returned to Java to ‘repent’ and seek guidance from his brother, who had fought in the Afghanistan-Soviet war Initially turned away by his brother, Benny committed to learning more about Islam and Mujahideen groups that his brother had been associated with; he accepted everything he read without question He developed views that most Muslims (and non-Muslims) were responsible for all the wrongs in the world and were nothing more than animals who deserved to be slaughtered for the errors of their ways Over time, his brother forgave him for his previous actions and shared his experience & knowledge of fighting in Afghanistan. He was pleased to finally receive validation from his brother He was arrested alongside his brother training other individuals on how to conduct armed attacks in Jakarta on-behalf of a number of Jihadi groups He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and sent to Pasir Putih Adapted from Hwang, 2018. capability
47.47 CASE STUDY: Benny Redemption Indoctrination Family & friends De- humanising Others Demonising Others Previous military experience Personal skills (e.g. bomb making)
48.reducing capability The factors that disrupt or limit an individual’s capability to engage in violent extremism reducing INTENT The factors that reduce an individual’s willingness to offend on behalf of a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology reducing engagement The factors that reduce an individual’s involvement or identification with a violent extremist group, cause, or ideology 48
49.49 After fighting with an armed violent extremist group in Ambon, Abdul returned to his mother’s home. In the night, he woke to a Densus 88 raid close-by. Preparing to leave the house, his mother stopped him, telling him that she would be distraught if he died fighting. He did not leave and was hidden by his friends and family, cutting off contact with other members of the group. While in hiding he was given reading material by those harbouring him and he came to realise that the Poso conflict was more complex than he thought, coming to empathise with members of the Christian community Abdul decided to hand himself over to the police who – to his surprise – treated him respectfully and humanely because he had come in peace He was imprisoned for five years during which physical security measures prevented him from contacting members of his network and other terrorist prisoners Abdul was also closely managed to ensure he did not recruit other prisoners to the group he was associated with. On leaving prison, he moved home and re-established old relationships with former friends who had not been involved in past conflicts Abdul has been a model resident in his local community since, helping other vulnerable children who are in difficult situations. Adapted from Hwang 2018 case study: ABDUL
50.50 case study: ABDUL After fighting with an armed violent extremist group in Ambon, Abdul returned to his mother’s home. In the night, he woke to a Densus 88 raid close-by. Preparing to leave the house, his mother stopped him, telling him that she would be distraught if he died fighting. He did not leave and was hidden by his friends and family, cutting off contact with other members of the group. While in hiding he was given reading material by those harbouring him and he came to realise that the Poso conflict was more complex than he thought, coming to empathise with members of the Christian community Abdul decided to hand himself over to the police who – to his surprise – treated him respectfully and humanely because he had come in peace He was imprisoned for five years during which physical security measures prevented him from contacting members of his network and other terrorist prisoners Abdul was also closely managed to ensure he did not recruit other prisoners to the group he was associated with. On leaving prison, he moved home and re-established old relationships with former friends who had not been involved in past conflicts Abdul has been a model resident in his local community since, helping other vulnerable children who are in difficult situations. Adapted from Hwang 2018 reducing capability
51.51 case study: ABDUL After fighting with an armed violent extremist group in Ambon, Abdul returned to his mother’s home. In the night, he woke to a Densus 88 raid close-by. Preparing to leave the house, his mother stopped him, telling him that she would be distraught if he died fighting. He did not leave and was hidden by his friends and family, cutting off contact with other members of the group. While in hiding he was given reading material by those harbouring him and he came to realise that the Poso conflict was more complex than he thought, coming to empathise with members of the Christian community Abdul decided to hand himself over to the police who – to his surprise – treated him respectfully and humanely because he had come in peace He was imprisoned for five years during which physical security measures prevented him from contacting members of his network and other terrorist prisoners Abdul was also closely managed to ensure he did not recruit other prisoners to the group he was associated with. On leaving prison, he moved home and re-established old relationships with former friends who had not been involved in past conflicts Abdul has been a model resident in his local community since, helping other vulnerable children who are in difficult situations. Adapted from Hwang 2018 reducing intent
52.52 case study: ABDUL After fighting with an armed violent extremist group in Ambon, Abdul returned to his mother’s home. In the night, he woke to a Densus 88 raid close-by. Preparing to leave the house, his mother stopped him, telling him that she would be distraught if he died fighting. He did not leave and was hidden by his friends and family, cutting off contact with other members of the group. While in hiding he was given reading material by those harbouring him and he came to realise that the Poso conflict was more complex than he thought, coming to empathise with members of the Christian community Abdul decided to hand himself over to the police who – to his surprise – treated him respectfully and humanely because he had come in peace He was imprisoned for five years during which physical security measures prevented him from contacting members of his network and other terrorist prisoners Abdul was also closely managed to ensure he did not recruit other prisoners to the group he was associated with. On leaving prison, he moved home and re-established old relationships with former friends who had not been involved in past conflicts Abdul has been a model resident in his local community since, helping other vulnerable children who are in difficult situations. Adapted from Hwang 2018 reducing engagement
53.53 case study: ABDUL Lack of access to networks Lack of access to recruits Empathy with others Recognising complexity Strengthening pro-social relationships Family & friends oppose involvement Humane treatment by authorities
54.Key learnings OF SESSIOn 2 Radicalization to violent extremism is a process. There is no single profile of a prisoner associated with violent extremism. There are different pathways leading to involvement in violent extremism. Radicalization may occur gradually or quickly, intensely, or moderately. People become radicalized to violent extremism because of different factors. These can be broadly divided into engagement, intent and capability factors. Many of these factors and circumstances are not specific to any group, cause or ideology. Offenders have different roles in violent extremist groups and networks. Individuals may move away from violent extremism, through a process of reduced engagement, intent, and capability. 54
55.COLLECTING AND SHARING INFORMATION SESSION 3
56.SESSION 3Learning objectives BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU WILL: Understand why collecting and sharing information is important to reducing the engagement, intent and capability of prisoners associated with violent extremism Understand why positive and professional relationships between prisoners and staff are important in encouraging the flow of information Understand the types of information you can observe and monitor using a model (PRAG) Be able to identify potentially relevant indicators that you should report in a case study Understand the limits of the model, and the need to be cautious about assuming the significance of any observations.
57.57 IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION All prison staff should have the responsibility to actively gather security information and pass this information to the security department. This is a key aspect of dynamic security and requires staff to actively engage in and maintain professional relationships with prisoners if they are to obtain good quality information. Prison intelligence seeks to identify those prisoners, visitors, staff, and organizations planning to engage in activity, or who are engaged in an activity that may be a threat to the good order, safety and security of a prison before the event occurs. The objective is to identify threats before they manifest themselves in actions, by analyzing information and reducing uncertainty, so that managers can make appropriate decisions. The purpose of information gathering on prisoners while in custody is not for the state to “spy” on them or to infringe on their basic human rights but to ensure that they do not continue to commit criminal offences while in custody. By developing prison intelligence, the prison administration is endeavouring to make the custodial environment as safe and secure as possible for staff, the prisoners themselves and ultimately the wider community.
58.58 Standard Minimum Rules For the Treatment of Prisoners (The Mandela Rules, 2015) Protection from torture and inhuman treatment (Rule 1) Prisoners should be treated with respect and dignity (Rule 1) Prison authorities should not aggravate suffering beyond imprisonment (Rule 3) Suitable living conditions should be provided without exception (Rule 42) No discrimination on grounds of race, religion, sex etc. (Rule 1) Religious and moral beliefs must be respected (Rule 2) Searches not used to harass, intimidate, or unnecessarily intrude on privacy (Rule 51) Imprisonment should be used to ensure reintegration (Rule 4)
59.59 QUALITIES OF STAFF LINKED TO EFFECTIVE REHABILITATION OF VIOLENT EXTREMIST OFFENDERS (Sukabdi 2015) The study identifies a number of qualities that prisoners formerly associated with violent extremism said contributed to their rehabilitation, including: Sincerity Transparency Humility Humane Consistent Patient Empathic Respectful
60.60 GENERAL COMMUNICATIONS ADVICE
61.61 INFORMATION HELPS ASSESSORS & MANAGEMENT Understand the security risks posed by individual violent extremist offenders Understand what types of management-decisions may need to be taken to reduce the risk of the prisoner Understand what types of interventions may need to be adopted (religious, psychological) Understand what incentives may be offered to the prisoner to reward good behaviour Understand the disincentives that may be imposed to sanction a prisoner for bad behaviour Understand how to inform security service investigations (including “live-plots” outside)
62.62 WHEN TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUAL PRISONERS Escorting a prisoner to courtyard Escorting prisoner to visitation room Providing meals to prisoner Cutting the hair of the prisoner Providing supplies to a prisoner Performing cell inspection Observing a prisoner through CCTV
63.63 HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON INDIVIDUAL PRISONERS Observing prisoners (including CCTV) Listening to prisoners Communicating with prisoners Engaging with prisoners Reviewing material of prisoners Cell inspection
64.64 CAPABILITY INTENT ENGAGEMENT Monitor whether prisoners are more or less capable of committing offences Monitor state of procedural security (CCTV) Monitor suspicious activity outside of the prison (outer perimeter) Monitor access to networks, including family visitations Monitor access to weapons and equipment Monitor contraband, including publications and books
65.65 CAPABILITY INTENT ENGAGEMENT Monitor attitudes of prisoners towards prison staff Monitor attitudes of prisoners to other visitors (family, etc.) Monitor attitudes of prisoners to other visitors Monitor how empathetic prisoners are to others Monitor mental health of prisoner Monitor beliefs and world-view of the prisoner
66.66 CAPABILITY INTENT ENGAGEMENT Monitor whether prisoners are trying to reduce their interest/involvement with certain groups Monitor whether prisoners may need support in talking-through changes in their attitudes Monitor whether prisoners may need support to keep themselves safe/protected Monitor prisoners may need emotional support if making significant changes in their lives
67.PRAG TOOLKIT ON REPORTING INFORMATION ON PRISONERS
68.68 WHAT TYPES OF INFORMATION MAY BE COLLECTED ABOUT PRISONER CAPABILITY, INTENT AND ENGAGEMENT?
69.69 ACTIVITES APPEARANCE RELATIONSHIPS EMOTIONS ATTITUDES COMMUNICATION
70.70 The acts and actions of a prisoner and how they respond to prison activities ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
71.71 The types of feelings a prisoner expresses, how they expresses these, and who these feelings are towards ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
72.72 How a prisoner looks and presents themselves in their day-to-day lives ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
73.73 The type of attitudes and beliefs a prisoner expresses, including those that support violent extremism ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
74.74 Who a prisoner has relationships with and how they relate to others ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
75.75 What the prisoner communicates, how they communicate, and with whom ACTIVITIES EMOTIONS APPEARANCE ATTITUDES RELATIONSHIPS COMMUNICATION
76.76 CAUTION ON COLLECTING INFORMATION ON PRISONERS Indicators do not prove that someone is radicalized to violent extremism and should be treated cautiously Indicators may be similar regardless of the offenders background. Indicators may occur for different reasons; it cannot be assumed that they are always indicators of radicalization to violent extremism. Some prisoners may want to appear radicalized to violent extremism but are not genuinely interested or involved. Some prisoners may actively try to conceal his/her radicalization to violence making it difficult to detect indicators.
77.77 Identify information you think would be particularly relevant to report Identify whether this information relates to the prisoner’s activities, emotions, appearance, attitudes, relationships, or communications Identify whether information may be helpful in terms of understanding the prisoner’s capability, intent, or engagement CASE STUDY
78.78 Andri participates in all activities in the prison but has said that he only does this because he believes he has no other choice. During religious counselling, Andri has persisted in wanting to talk about the circumstances in which violence is justified and glorified in Islamic scripture. During exercise sessions, he occasionally tries to exercise for longer than he is allowed even though he is told to stop. Andri was observed as being happy and jubilant after news that other prisoners had carried out an attack in Jakarta, which killed several people. The day after the news, Andri was found to have tried to scratch a drawing of an Isis flag into his cell wall and was demanding officers call him by a different name. Andri stated to officers that those prisoners who participated in the attack will be rewarded with redemption for their actions, just as he will when the time comes. Sanctions were applied to punish him for this behaviour but he didn’t seem to be really affected by these. He has not refused medical checks under these sanctions, he never refuses to eat and provides dirty laundry when requested. Recently, on entering the prison, Andri’s wife becomes agitated and defensive when she was searched; she was found with a sharp piece of glass on her which she struggled to explain. Since then he has written lots of letters to his wife and children although some of the content does not make sense with some words being used in odd places or references seem peculiar to staff. CASE STUDY: andri 3. How could the information relate to engagement, intent, or capability 1. Information to report 2. Is the information related to the prisoner’s activities, emotions, appearance, attitudes, relationships, or communications?
79.Taufik participates in most activities available to him. He started a rehabilitation programme 3 months ago and whilst he was willing to do this initially, there have been two occasions recently where he has told staff he doesn’t want to do this. However, he has still attended all sessions even though reluctantly, telling staff that he was finding the programme difficult. Taufik has appeared quieter than normal and more withdrawn both in his cell and during other activities he has been involved in. He has been temperamental, grumpy and surly towards staff at times, as well as towards visitors which is unusual for him. At these times Taufik has also been observed engaging in unusual behaviours in his cell which staff think are religious practices but they do not recognise these. He apologised to one prison officer for initially refusing to follow an order and stated that this was disrespectful and that the officer didn’t deserve this. He has been sent letters from individuals in the community who Densus 88 believe may be associated with Jemaah Islamiyah although Taufik has not attempted to reply to these. Taufik also refused to see one of his brothers who had arranged a visit with him. When staff asked why this was the case, he said that he no longer wanted to see his brother as he was a bad influence on him and his family and the authorities should keep a closer eye on him. When the authorities investigated this, his brother had been involved in past criminality and was found to have associations with other relatives of known JI members. 79 CASE STUDY: TAUFIK 3. How could the information relate to engagement, intent, or capability 1. Information to report 2. Is the information related to the prisoner’s activities, emotions, appearance, attitudes, relationships, or communications?
80.80 Benny often requests whether he can participate in more activities as he finds the amount of time he has unoccupied boring and mind-numbing. He appears comfortable engaging in activities with staff members who earlier in his sentence he wouldn’t even talk to. He was observed being upset and remorseful about his engagement with a violent extremist group, following a session of psychological counselling. He has told officers that he doesn’t like being in handcuffs to be escorted or to have his haircut; he doesn’t think this necessary. He has been overheard during a visit with his lawyer that he worries a lot about not complying with prison rules or the consequences for him if he doesn’t know certain rules. He has stopped referring to himself as a martyr. He has expressed to his psychologist that he believes he has forgotten a lot of the training and associated knowledge that allowed him to commit his offence. He has voiced his desire to try and be transferred from the prison as soon as possible. He believes he will see more of his family if he can get transferred. He has regular visits with his wife and children and was over-heard telling this wife that he wants to strengthen his relationship with her and his children. It has been observed that other violent extremists in the community have stopped trying to send letters to him. He has requested whether he can have an extra hot drink each day. He has also recently told staff to be careful during body searches because he has sore teeth. CASE STUDY: benny 3. How could the information relate to engagement, intent, or capability 1. Information to report 2. Is the information related to the prisoner’s activities, emotions, appearance, attitudes, relationships, or communications?
81.81 CAUTION ON COLLECTING INFORMATION ON PRISONERS Indicators do not prove that someone is radicalized to violent extremism and should be treated cautiously Indicators may be similar regardless of the offenders background. Indicators may occur for different reasons; it cannot be assumed that they are always indicators of radicalization to violent extremism. Some prisoners may want to appear radicalised to violent extremism but are not genuinely interested or involved. Some prisoners may actively try to conceal his/her radicalization to violence making it difficult to detect indicators.
82.Key learnings OF SESSION 3 The information you report is vital in potentially reducing the capability, intent, and engagement of prisoners Positive, professional and human-rights based relationships between prisoners and staff are conducive for the exchange of important information Prisoner behavior can indicate capability, intent and engagement You need to be alert to prisoner activities, emotions, appearance, attitudes, relationships, and communications Interactions and conversations with prisoners provide a key a source of information Information is only useful if it is reported by officers There is no intelligence without information provided by officers Staff must be cautious not to make assumptions about what indicators might mean 82
83.83 ANY QUESTIONS?

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