1.1
National innovation systems
Sub-regional seminar on the commercialization and enforcement of intellectual property rights
Skopje, Macedonia
1 - 3 April 2009
2.2
Innovation Facts
Innovation and growth
Innovation process
National innovation systems
Innovation actors
Role of the state in the NIS
Innovation supportive infrastructure
Innovation policy instruments
Future challenges
Today’s presentation
3.3
Innovation is an old phenomenon
Humans tend to think about new and better ways of doing things and try them out in practice
Innovation facts
4.4
Innovation is essential for a country’s competitiveness
Innovations can become products that drive growth
Institutions are important for the support of innovative activities
Innovation and growth
5.5
Basic research
Applied research
Development
Commercialization
New knowledge
Application of knowledge to specific subject
Development of products
Need for new knowledge
Desired new product characteristics
Market feedback (desired product alterations)
Innovation – non-linear process
6.6
Overlap between basic and applied research, as well as between development and commercialization
Principal investigators, patents and processes are mobile (not company dependent)
Unexpected outcomes
Complexity of the innovation process
7.7
New knowledge creation
Application of knowledge
into new products
Commercialization of products
Particularized companies
Innovative enterprises
Innovative enterprises
Academy of science
Universities
Academy of science
Universities
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
8.8
Different stages and different actors need different support
Invention
Innovation
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
9.9
Inventions need specific demand, production capabilities, inputs, complementary inventions and innovations to succeed at the innovation stage
Complexity of the innovation process – Cont.
10.10
National innovation systems – different institutions and their interaction (technical, commercial, legal, social, and financial), which influence the innovation process and give direction of the technological changes in the society.
Differs for different countries
Need to be flexible, adjust to the needs of the society
National innovation systems
11.11
Innovation actors
12.12
States need to create the framework conditions for incentives for innovation
With efficient instruments there can be strong support with less state investments
Direct support assumes non-existence of information asymmetry
let the market make the decision
Role of the state in the NIS
13.13
Higher education system (supply of labor)
Knowledge intensive business services
IPR Enforcement
Supply of knowledge
Entrepreneurship friendly environment
Local, regional and international interaction possibilities
Innovation supportive infrastructure
14.14
Incentive for innovation
Knowledge transfer
Efficiency of the investments
Costs of IP protection (efficiency losses from support of innovation, double investments in R&D)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Protection of IPR and Innovation
16.16
Teach next generations
Conduct research
Commercialize
Provide:
A return to public investments in research
A source of new companies and jobs
Justification for new research allocations
Services to companies within the innovation ecosystem (clusters)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Role of the universities
17.17
Provide infrastructure
Encourage entrepreneurial culture, research cooperation and public support for research
Attract industry and promote regional development
Innovation supportive infrastructure - S&T Parks
18.18
Potential investors do not have perfect knowledge, information asymmetry for new innovative ideas
Institutions for innovation financing (exp. venture capital)
Innovation supportive infrastructure - Financing innovation
19.19
Importance of the SMEs – small companies can drive high-tech innovation
Knowledge intensive SMEs
SMEs support:
information on financing possibilities
creation of business plans
improvement of the SMEs infrastructure
implementation and coordination of SMEs support
organizing networking
education and trainings
consulting services
support for knowledge transfer
management and marketing research
R&D support
Innovation supportive infrastructure - SMEs
20.20
IPR enforcement
Technology Transfer
Technology parks and centers
Networks
Support for financing
Marketing/promotion support
Innovation policy instruments
21.21
Stronger NIS
Learn from each other
Regional Innovation systems
Cooperation, cooperation, cooperation
Future challenges